Islam s Anti Western Appeal - 1775 Words

Daria Farman-Farmaian 5/1/16 Islam’s Anti-Western Appeal and its Role in Establishing an Iranian Republic â€Å"Like a series of mirrors facing each other, the revolution depended for its success on a series of perceptions of perceptions.† With this image, Michael Axworthy, a contemporary historian, aptly argues that the Iranian revolution of 1978-79 was possible because people believed that their grievances against the Shah were widespread, thereby creating a gradual sense of unified opposition. Mohammad Reza Shah, the second Pahlavi monarch who ruled Iran from 1941-1979, lived a lavish and alienating lifestyle, trying to emulate western society. With growing discontent towards the Shah and his westernizing reforms, Iranians turned to the Shia Ulema, the Iranian clergy, and other groups for guidance. Demanding a return to traditional culture, which took the form of religious fundamentalism and a separation from the materialism of the west, the Iranian masses rebelled against the Shah’s regime in 1978-79. Because of the Shah’s failure to embrace the economic and soci al reforms proposed by the opposition, the Iranian masses overthrew the Shah and united around the charismatic Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to establish an Islamic Republic. With discontent growing towards the Shah and his westernizing reforms throughout the mid-1900s, religion became the voice of the opposition led by the Ayatollah Khomeini. As a result of the Shah’s social and economic reforms, however, the UlemaShow MoreRelatedThe World Of The Middle East785 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Nazi party’s anti-Jewish policies, and requested that Germany no longer send its Jews to Palestine. the Mufti is the most recognized Arab collaborator with Nazi Germany, however other influential Arab and Muslim political leaders held similar fundamental beliefs to those of the Nazis, one example of such leaders was Hassan al-Banna. Al-Banna was a school teacher and scholar who was an avid supporter of Hitler because of their mutual hatred for the Jewish people, and western culture. In 1928Read MoreA Satirical Article On Cultural Relativism Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesThe Roman Catholic religion influences over three quarters of France s population yet the newspaper does not fail to make it their headline, deprecating the validity, in some cases, of that religion. In other cases Charlie Hebdo has been accused of anti-Semitism, a name given to people with whom discriminate against the Jewish. From this it is clear that Charlie Hebdo does not advocate one Religion, yet these religious people s have such strong views opposing the newspapers message. When asked aboutRead MoreAmeric as Futile Fight Against Terrorism and ISIS866 Words   |  4 Pagesthe West, the war on terror can seem to be as never-ending as battling Hydra. For every terrorist leader struck down, three more arise from the dust to take his place, and themselves take positions of power in numerous countries. It’s difficult for Western powers to understand that it is the cutting down of that one leader that gives rise to the others. In the wake of 9/11, the American approach to the war on Terror has poured oil on what was once a small fire of fundamentalist fervour. This is notRead MoreThe Rise Of The First Crusade1405 Words   |  6 Pagesout to be the liberation of the holy city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslims. Initially, the Pope`s appeal was addressed only to the French knights, but, later, the Crusade turned into a full-scale military campaign, and its idea spread to all the Christian states of Western Europe. The feudal lords and the common people of all nationaliti es moved to the East freeing the western part of Asia Minor from Seljuk Turks` control and eliminating the Muslim threat to the Byzantine Empire. AlreadyRead MoreRelationship Between The West And Iran2034 Words   |  9 Pagesin the 20th century have led to a perfect storm of religion, imperialism and radicalism that have come together to create the Islamic Republic of Iran that was built primarily on anti-Americanism. How did this happen and why is this republic so anti-American? The Islamic Republic is built upon a revolutionary type of anti-Americanism that can be â€Å"found among opposition groups seeking to overthrow regimes closely identified with the United States; attacking such regimes thus involves attacking theRead MoreKoranic Laws Give Any Of Emancipation For Women3033 Words   |  13 Pagesman. The right to life is a sacred right that Islam has ruled in favor of humans, including, of course for the woman. The right to hardware support, breastfeeding, custody of chil dren and education. One of the principles of Islam is to give due importance to the newborn, boy or girl. The father is required to guarantee his children their livelihood dice). The right of education. Knowledge occupies a prominent place among the principles of Islam. It is an obligation for every Muslim and MuslimRead MoreThe Role Of Government In Indonesia1051 Words   |  5 Pagesinfrastructure. The F.P.I persuaded people through flashy, deceitful, slogans accusations of blasphemy and capitalizing on anti-Western sentiments. The F.P.I.’s aim is to enact Sharia law in the near future, and their job has yet to truly take off, with analysts stating that religion has become a key player in Indonesian politics, despite a history of religious pluralism. The F.P.I.’s emotional exploitation for power is a continuous pattern in history, and is demonstrated by Adolf Hitler’s rise to powerRead MoreGamal Abdel Nasser1732 Words   |  7 Pagesinclude economic collapse, Military instability, Social and class conflicts and ethnic differences. These conditions allow a single party leader to arise through the creation of a political ideology t hat provides a solution to one or more of these crisis s. The concept of a single party state is one that is unique to the 20th century. Before the 20th century, single party states were most similar to absolute monarchies- where a monarch exercises all rights to govern and rule their country. There are manyRead MoreAn Opinion On Western Strategy Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesEvery journalist, public intellectual and mouthbreathing tv personality has an opinion on what western strategy should be in Syria in light of the Russian involvement. It makes for a chaos in perpetual regeneration. However, the vacuum we ve created in Syria by our inaction and the lack of leadership from president Obama and Mr Cameron having now been filled by the vile dictator Putin might make western strategy more simple. That is if we operate under the assumption we take advantage of the opportunityRead MoreIslamic Fundamentalism5541 Words   |  23 PagesIslamic Fundamentalism Contest Introduction I. Islam as a Religion II. Islamic Fundamentalism 3.1. Defining Fundamentalism and the Backgrounds of Islamic Fundamentalism 3.2. Islamic fundamentalist movements Conclusion Bibliography Introduction Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world and is second only to Christianity in number of adherents. Muslims live in all parts of the world, but the majority of Muslims are concentrated in the Middle East and Asia North

Analysis Of Huntington s Clash Of Civilizations Theory

Introduction Huntington’s ‘Clash of Civilizations’ theory does not help with understanding the contemporary politics and history of the Middle East. His theory is too simplistic and does not consider the complexity of the region. Indeed, Said is correct to call Huntington’s theory a ‘clash of ignorance’ as one cannot gain an understanding of the Middle East through an orientalised lens. This essay aims to show the complexity of the history and politics of the Middle East. This will be done by looking at the history of the Middle East, Pan-Arabism and the Arab Spring. It will also consider Korany’s intermestics theory as a better theory in helping to understand the contemporary politics and history of the Middle East. Clash of Civilizations†¦show more content†¦9). These statements will be proved correct when looking at the history and politics of the Middle East. Complexity of the Middle East History: The history of the Middle East shows the complexity of the region. From colonialism; the Tanzimat reforms which emphasised on minority rights and relations between Muslims and non-Muslims; the Constantinople agreement between Britain, France and Russia; the Sykes Picot; the Balfour Declaration; the Arab revolts of June 1916 to October 1918 against Ottoman rule; the Baghdad Pact; Nasser’s diplomatic success of the 1955 Suez crisis which led him to be seen as the hero of the Arab world; the setting up of the United Arab Republic of Egypt and Syria in February 1958 and the overthrow of Qasim and Mosaddegh government, one can see that the history of the Middle East is rich and complex. It cannot be understood with Huntington’s simplistic label of the Middle East as ‘Islamic states’. Korany states that ‘the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq war and Iraq’s factional in-fighting; Iraq’s 1990-invasion of Kuwait and rising Sunni-Shia rifts show Huntingtonâ€℠¢s theory to be a self-fulfilling prophesy, if not a misleading conceptual lens’ (Korany, 2016, p. 83). This can be seen when analysing the Cold war era, where leaders of Middle Eastern countries wereShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War Was Easy : Capitalism Vs. Communism1402 Words   |  6 PagesUniversal Civilization.† Although he stated that, â€Å"you need to start with a certain kind of sensibility† he admitted, â€Å"I have no unifying theory of things† as well as, â€Å"I am not going to attempt to define this civilization.† Not accepting Naipaul’s theory that, â€Å"in general, the cultural coming together of humanity and the increasing acceptance of common values, beliefs, orientations, practices and institutions by peoples throughout the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  would create this â€Å"Universal Civilization,† Samuel PRead More A Theological Perspective of the Clash of Civilizations Essay7154 Words   |  29 Pagesthe United States o f America as a manifestation of a â€Å"clash of civilizations.† At the center of this way of looking at these unprecedented events has been an article and book both authored by the noted Harvard professor of political science, Samuel P. In the summer 1993 edition of the journal Foreign Affairs, Huntington argued that world politics was entering a new phase after the end of the Cold War, and that tensions between civilizations, as the highest cultural groupings of people, would dominateRead MoreCultural Diversity : Cultural Values, Globe, Huntington Model And Hall s Cultural Framework2148 Words   |  9 Pagesthose global leaders indicates the urgency of understanding cross cultural diversity. However, the complexity in cultural diversity can be overwhelming. Some studies have been conducted in this area including Hofstede’s cultural values, GLOBE, Huntington model and Hall’s cultural framework. This literature review is aimed to compare and contrast the studies above and which study is the most relevant. 2. Hofstede model The book of Hostede, â€Å"Culture’s Consequences† has been cited more than any otherRead MoreC112 Theorist Critique Assignment1913 Words   |  8 Pages(Kaplan, Friedman, Huntington, or Barnett), and answer the five requirements beginning on page two of this document. This assignment is worth 25% of the C100 grade. The four readings from which to choose are listed below. Barnett The Pentagon’s New Map: It Explains why We’re Going to War and why We’ll Keep Going to War Friedman National Strategies and Capabilities for a Changing World: Globalization and National Security Huntington The Clash of Civilizations Kaplan TheRead MoreThe Globalization of Animated Features and the Merging of Cultures1030 Words   |  5 Pagessocial cooperation, and civic mutuality. On the other hand, Barbers work provides a better analysis than some others like Samuel Huntingtons Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, a theory about peoples cultural and religious identities. Barbers study does include both economic and cultural features, along with discussions of the culture conflict within civilizations. Huntingtons analysis is considered weak in comparison to Barber. He believed that as the â€Å"perfect time† had endedRead MoreWhat Caused The 1992-1996 Afghan Civil War : Will History Repeat Itself?3614 Words   |  15 Pagesarguments are made for why war occurs and how to achieve peace. While the analysis helps humanity understand why conflict occurs, it fails to prevent the march toward war. This paper explores Kenneth Waltz’s three levels, or â€Å"images’ of conflict. Waltz, the founder of neorealism, established the foundation for one of the two currently accepted international relations schools, the other Neoli beralism. This essay compares Waltz’s theory to other contemporary thinkers, then applies it to the 1992-1996 AfghanRead MoreWork Style Survey On Decision Making Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept of cognitive management. Trans. from English. M .: Unity Dan 2005 8.Huntington S. The Clash of Civilizations. Trans. from English. M .: AST 2003 9.   Meat eaters. SP, Kolesnikova. IV Borisov. LG Russian business culture. The impact on the management model. M .: Case - 2011 10.   http://www.lpex.ru/contacts/ 11.   http://export-import2000.narod.ru/china.html 12. Exploring the value of a novel decision-making theory in understanding RD progress decisions Maarten E.J. Rutten Andrà © G. Dorà ©eRead MoreUnderstanding Religious Identity and the Causes of Religious Violence7269 Words   |  30 Pagesconflict in the construction of religious identity and group organization? In conclusion, the paper proposes an analytical framework for designing an intervention in religious conflicts. Author Profile Ms. Saira Yamin is pursuing a Ph.D. in Conflict Analysis and Resolution at George Mason University, Virginia. She is also a Faculty Member at the Department of Defense and Strategic Studies, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. 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Different causes for leg pain in children Free Essays

There are many different causes and diagnoses for leg pain in children.   Developmental stage or age groups   many of these causes.   Some, however, can occur at any age. We will write a custom essay sample on Different causes for leg pain in children or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4 The numerous causes of leg pain in children include Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, sports injuries, toddler’s fractures, Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis(here forward referred to in the medical jargon of SCFE), and leg length differences. 4 Related article: Identify Circumstances When Children and Young People Might Require Urgent Medical Attention Legg-Calve-Perthes is also referred to as Legg-Perthes, here forward to be referred to as LCP.   LCP is rare, and in the United States only occurs at the ratio of 1:1200 children under the age of 15.  Ã‚   The developmental stage when LCP becomes clinically evident is between the ages of 3-12 years of age, with 7 yrs being the median age.1   However, other sources site the specified age range as between 4-8 years, which actually is a representation of the median 7 years stated earlier. 3 LCP is characterized not just by developmental age, but by sex, familial, and racial factors as well.   Most LCP patients are Caucasian; in addition, most have a parent or close relative who suffered from the disease as well.1   Males are affected 4-5 times more frequently than females, but this is not a sex-linked trait.   A genetic factor is implied, but with no identifiable gene as of yet.1 LCP is defined â€Å"as the idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis of the femoral head.† 1 What happens in the case of LCP is this:   due to unknown etiology, the head of the femur, which contains the epiphysis and epiphysial plate, becomes necrotic.   Necrosis, meaning dead or dying tissue, in this case means that no further bone growth can occur, owing to the fact that blood supply has been cut off. 3,4 Since new bone cells are produced primarily at the epiphysial plate, no bone growth in the affected leg means that, until treated, it will become shorter than the unaffected leg.  Ã‚   Soon afterward, a noticeable limp occurs due to pain and compensation for the self same pain.   Children suffering from LCP may also have pain in the groin, knee, and thigh as well. 1,2,4 Necrosis in the femoral head leads to inflammation, thus being the initial cause of pain.   Activity, especially excessive hip-leg activity such as running or jumping, will irritate the femoral head and increase the pain level.   The pain can be relieved or lessened by rest. 4 X-ray films arrive at definitive diagnosis, but doctors suspecting the problem will look for clinical signs that LCP is present.   These clinical signs include difficulty rotating the knee.   If LCP has existed for some time and gone undiagnosed, other clinical signs will be indicative of its presence, such as atrophy of the buttocks, calf, or thigh muscle.1, 2 Those afflicted with LCP receive a myriad of treatments. The treatment plan is most likely individualized for each child depending on the severity of pain, atrophy, and gait difficulties. The treatments used most commonly are â€Å"leg exercises, crutches, casts, bracing, and occasionally traction and surgery.   With proper treatment, the bone will grow back and the child will be able to walk normally without pain.† 4 Toddler’s fractures can occur quite easily with a simple fall.   Signs to look for are irritability of the child, persistent complaints of pain, and refusal to walk. These should be relied on heavily as a parent’s diagnosis of a problem, for inflammation and redness are minor at the site above the break. 4 The bone fractured in these cases is typically the tibia.   The above-mentioned symptoms warrant immediate medical attention and typically reflect that a fracture has occurred if the child is between 2-4 years old. 4 Sports injuries can occur at any age of the active child.   When a sports injury has occurred, pain and limping may result due to , i.e., ankle and knee sprains, or muscle strains.   However, if limping persists after a few days of rest, or if the child refuses to bear weight on the leg,   immediate medical attention is warranted. 4 Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis, with the medical acronym of SCFE, â€Å"is a common hip disorder in overweight adolescents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚   4  The symptoms resulting from the slipped epiphysis are severe pain occurring in the hip and knee.   This, in turn, results in limited movment of the affected hip, and limping.   Diagnosis is by x-ray. 4 Treatments would include pain relief as prescribed by the doctor; a usual program of alternating Tylenol and Ibuprophen might be prescribed.   Included in the treatment plan would be immediate counseling of the family and adolescent on proper diet, and allowable exercise considering the ailment. Sickle Cell Disease(SCD) is the severest form of the sickling syndromes; this is because it is homozygous recessive.   In other words, the child carries both recessive alleles on the chromosome.   In all sickling syndromes, the problem results from the genetic error of the red blood cell design.   In the United States, it is estimated that 1:12 Blacks   are carriers of the sickle cell trait, and 1:65 develop sickle cell anemia.   Though predominantly affecting Blacks in the U.S., other   races are susceptible as well:   people from the Mediterranean, India, Asia-Minor, and the Caribbean. Rather than the normal shape of RBC’s, the genetic disorder causes sickle-shaped cells that do not allow oxygen to attach to the protein heme in an effective manner.   This reduces oxygen available in the blood.5 The prognosis for children with SCD is poor, in that death occurs during the middle-aged years.   â€Å"Anemia usually is severe, chronic and hemolytic.† 5  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both acute and chronic exacerbations will occur, the frequency of which is most likely tied to emotional and environmental factors.   These environmental factors include emotional upset, situations that lead to dehydration, change of oxygen tension in the body(by infection, which is common, i.e.,), and weather changes – in particular cold.   Environmental factors that can be eliminated altogether to help reduce the recurrence or severity of attacks are alcohol and tobacco. 5 The worst-case scenario, which does occur with these patients, is vaso-occlusive episodes. In these episodes, circulation is greatly hampered, resulting in pain concentrated in areas of localized necrotizing bone marrow, i.e., the sternum, ribs, long-bones, spine and pelvis.   The occlusion is from clumped, sickle cells that cannot flow out of the area. 5 No specific therapy exists for SCD.   However, depending on the type of crisis, be it the need to lower Hb S during an infarction, too little oxygen and RBC’s, severe dehydration, etc., transfusion is a frequent treatment – usually packed red blood cells are the blood component used. 5 â€Å"Transial Synovitis of the hip is a cause of hip pain in children.† 7   Ã‚  The adjective ‘transial’ is used because the condition does not last long – approximately a week.   Symptoms of pain occur in one hip, but pain may also be felt in the medial aspect of the knee and thigh.   The pain occurs in the tissue surrounding the hip, not in the bones themselves.   7 The pain increases with different rates in children; some are in the doctor’s office within 1-3 days of onset, some a few days later as the pain peaks.   The child may have a limp, or have trouble standing and walking by the time he’s seen.   Once again, boys are affected more than girls.   The age range affected is from 3-10 years of age. 7 Treatment is bed rest for 3-4 days and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories for pain relief, reduction of inflammation and swelling.   The child returns to normal after this time period.   If a temperature is present, the doctor may order x-rays and blood tests to rule out other hip conditions.7 Leg Length Differences.   The name is self-explanatory.   â€Å"Some children are either born with or develop a difference in the length of the bones in their legs.† 4     Ã‚  No etiology is given for either scenario, and both situations receive the same set of treatment choices.   Differences in leg length between 0-2cm require no treatment most of the time, but shoe lifts may be used.   If the length difference is between 5-15cm, surgery to lengthen one leg or to shorten the other is necessary, unless a prosthesis is chosen for the shorter limb. 4 In summary, there are many conditions and diseases that add to the suffering and cause of leg pain in children.   The hip disorders and diseases discussed that are accompanied by knee and/or thigh pain, can be misdiagnosed as injuries originating in the knee, other than compensational pain as the symptoms really are.   Though many affect children at different stages of life and bear different severity of diagnosis and prognosis, all are significant. BIBLIOGRAPHY www.mrsci.com/Orthopedics/Perthes_disease.php, 10/26-27/06 www.hopkinsmedicine.org/orthopedicsurgery/perthes.html, 10/26-27/06 Hall Brody:   Therapeutic Exercise:   Moving Toward Function, 2nd Edition c 2005, Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins. www.keepkidshealthy.com/symptoms/legpainlimping.html, 10/26-27/06 Phipps, Cassmeyer, Sands, Lehman, Medical-Surgical Nursing, Concepts and Clinical Practice, c 2005, Mosby. Shiel, Jr., William C., MD, www.medicinenet.com/ankylosing_spondylitis/article.html, 10/26-27/06 www.familydoctor.org/181.xml, 10/26/06 DIFFERENT CAUSES FOR LEG PAIN   IN CHILDREN 2006 How to cite Different causes for leg pain in children, Essay examples

Apocalypses Theme Essay Example For Students

Apocalypses Theme Essay All I smelled was rotten bodies, Texas Ranger, Roy Coffman said during his testimony at the murder and conspiracy trial of 11 Branch Davidians. The dead were found in the rubble of the April 19 fire that destroyed the compound, killing more than 75 Branch Davidians, including the sects leader, David Koresh, and 17 children. Perhaps the worst case of the federal governments overreaching in American history, the 1993 Waco tragedy has caused Americans to ask the question of how much military involvement will citizens allow in their everyday lives before they lose their rights as individuals. In February, 1993, 4 federal agents were killed in an assault on the compound of the Branch Davidians, a cult group just outside of Waco, Texas. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms the ATF, a unit of the Treasury Department implemented the operation on the grounds that members of the Branch Davidians possessed illegal firearms and explosives and committed physical and sexual abuse, especially against children. Their goal was to arrest David Koresh, a self-proclaimed apocalyptic prophet and the leader of the cult, and seize the groups weapons. After this disaster, in which about a half-dozen cult members died and several federal agents were wounded, the ATF was replaced by the FBI, whose reputation for professionalism promised a quick resolution of the conflict and an end to the siege. It seemed as if America could breathe a sigh of relief. Negotiations began, and soon some of the Branch Davidians left the compound. Yet the talks ultimately ended up breaking down and finally ended. All utilities including water, electricity, and telephone were cut off. Davidians were then bombarded with a psychological attack which included 24 hours of glaring from high powered lamps that kept the compound lit all night, and 24 hours of blaring music that included sounds ranging from Buddhist monks chanting to rabbits being killed. This barrage was intended to weaken the will of those inside the compound who were now largely cut off from contact with the outside world. On April 19, the FBI, in what appears to have been a terrible decision, began another assault. It included knocking holes in the outer walls of the compounds buildings with a tank and spraying tear gas into the interiors. Of course, the FBI did not describe this as an assault, but as closing the periphery and increasing the pressure on cult members to surrender. In particular, the FBI hoped that the women would pack up and leave with their childrenthat their maternal insticts would take over . Instead the compound went up in flames. Over 75 cult members were burnt alive in a blaze that the FBI says was started by cult members. Some factors point to this being a mass suicide, yet surviving Branch Davidians have said that the fires started when the assault on the walls of the compound spilled fuel from kerosene lamps. Six years after the Waco siege came to its violent end, citizens are angry and  shocked about details just recently unfolding concerning the raid that left more than 75 dead. Allegations that military personnel were present and participated in the raid on the Davidian compound raise serious questions about mingling of military and civilian forces in direct violation of the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878, which forbids such deployment. Just one day after the siege ended in flaming terror, President Clinton gave the American people a glimpse of what to expect from the government. The government could not be responsible for, the fact that a bunch of fanatics decided to kill themselves, he said. He then warned that there is, unfortunately, a rise in this sort of fanaticism across the world. And we may have to confront this again. The tragedy at Waco by no means is the first or only example of violations of Posse Comitatus, but it does prove the volatility that can result from mixing special- operations troops and civilian law enforcement. .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 , .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 .postImageUrl , .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 , .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9:hover , .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9:visited , .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9:active { border:0!important; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9:active , .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9 .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubc1c3e817b719e244891dbf93c5652d9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: None Provided4 Essay PaperSeparation of civilian and military forces has long been an American tradition but under the guise of the war on drugs and war on terrorism, Congress in the last two decades has enacted legislation allowing military intervention in civilian law enforcement, which many believe violates the law. The distinction between military and civilian forces can rarely be identified. Every law enforcement officer, office, agency or department in the United States lives by the same use-of-force policy. Police may use force only to the level necessary to neutralize a situation and may use deadly force only to protect themselves or the lives of others. They are trained to consider individual rights of the citizen, regardless of the severity of the crime. On the other hand, the mission of the military is national security. Soldiers are trained to use deadly force on an enemy. Whatever term is applied, the fact remains that United States troops are participating in civilian law-enforcement activities inside the United States. Often the outcome is frightening and, as in the case of the raid on the Branch Davidians, can be disastrous. Its a slippery slope, GOP Rep. Bob Barr of Georgia warned recently, toward the militarization of civilian law enforcement. There isnt a more fundamental issue in our society than keeping civilian law enforcement separate from military. The line was completely blurred at Waco, and because Posse Comitatus has never been prosecuted, this will be one of the most important areas of the upcoming hearings in Waco. Right wing Conservatives such as the Christian Coalition and members of the NRA agree with Liberals on a rare occasion that the government did more than just overstep its bounds in the Waco siege but murdered over 75 people for reasons yet to be concretely established. They believe that the more the military begins to intervene in every day life the faster peoples individual rights are removed. These rights are included in these amendments which bear particular importance to this issue: 1st Amendment freedom of Speech; 2nd Amendment right to Bear  Arms; 10th Amendment all powers not delegated to the United States are reserved to the states or to the people; and the 14th no man can be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process. The Clinton Administration and most other lawmakers tend to lean more towards the middle and to agree with the government on the issue of the Waco siege. Their philosophy: the government is always right. Secretary of the Treasury Robert Rubin was quoted in a 1995 article in The New Republic as painting the critics of the governments actions as opponents of law enforcement. I fear some may try to use the waco hearings, he wrote, to serve another agenda: to erode public support for federal firearms lawsby undermining public confidence in the men and women who enforce those laws. Member of the Clinton Administration, Attorney General Janet Reno, took full responsibility for the operation and its disastrous outcome. According to Attorney David B. Kopel and Criminologist Paul H. Blackman, authors of No More Wacos, the day after Reno made this statement she received a call from the president who told her, That-a-girl, to show his support. Perhaps she did her best in approving what now appears to be a senseless assault. It is a reminder that you try to make the best judgment and you take the consequences, Reno was quoted in a 1994 New York Times article, you accept responsibility and you move ahead, trying always to figure out what you can do better, {Subcommittees in the investigation into the activities of federal law enforcement agencies found Renos decision to approve the FBIs plan to end the Waco standoff on April 19, 1993 premature, wrong, and highly irresponsible. .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812 , .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812 .postImageUrl , .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812 , .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812:hover , .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812:visited , .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812:active { border:0!important; } .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812:active , .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812 .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u74bdc851dd5e848693d59db67db15812:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 12 Angry Men EssayThe subcommittees also sighted her negligence in authorizing the assault to proceed. According to them, Reno knew or should have known that the plan to end the standoff would endanger the lives of the Davidians inside the residence, including the children. She was also aware or should have been aware that there was a risk to the FBI agents, society as a whole, or to the Davidians from continuing this standoff and at the possibility of a peaceful resolution continued to exist. The attorney general knew or should have known that the reasons cited for ending the standoff on April 19 lacked merit. The negotiations had not reached impasse. The FBI Hostage Resc ue Team did not need to stand down for rest and retraining for at least 2 more weeks after April 19, and if and when it did stand down FBI and local law enforcement SWAT teams could have been brought in to maintain the perimeter. And while physical and sexual abuse of minors had occurred, there was no basis to conclude that minors were being subjected to any greater risk of sexual abuse during the stand-off than prior to February 28. The final assault put the children at the greatest risk.} There is no doubt that law enforcement is a noble and  necessary element to government, but at Waco the Clinton Administration acted coarsely, thoughtlessly and lethally, and then refused to consider critically what it had done. A perfect example of this callousness is reflected in Attorney General Janet Renos decision use C.S. gas tear gas for forty-eight hours despite the presence of babies who cannot be protected by the masks. According to Alan Stone a professor of law and psychiatry at Harvard Law School, the attorney general maintained that she had been assured that the gas would not cause permanent harm to the babies, but medical literature contains convincing evidence of the life threatening risk. The overreaching of government and military in the Waco siege resulted in a situation comparable to those of Nazi germany during World war II, and it is clear that in order for America to remain a free society our country must do everything in its power to prevent events such as thus from ever happening again.